An underactive thyroid, also called hypothyroidism, is far more common in South Africa than many realise. When your thyroid gland slows down and produces too little hormone, your whole body feels it — from constant fatigue to unexplained weight changes and low mood. Because these symptoms creep in gradually, many people put them down to stress, ageing, or lifestyle, leaving hypothyroidism overlooked and untreated (Chaker et al., 2017).
Causes of Hypothyroidism in South Africans
Several factors contribute to hypothyroidism:
Autoimmune conditions: Hashimoto’s thyroiditis is the most frequent cause globally and in South Africa. The immune system attacks the thyroid, gradually reducing its ability to produce hormones (Biondi & Cooper, 2018).
Iodine nutrition: South Africa introduced universal salt iodisation in 1995, which has reduced iodine deficiency disorders. However, mild iodine deficiency persists in some rural areas, especially among women of reproductive age (Jooste et al., 2018).
Medical treatments: Radiotherapy for head and neck cancers, thyroid surgery, and certain medications such as lithium are known causes of hypothyroidism (Pearce et al., 2013).
Genetics and congenital factors: Some individuals are born with underdeveloped thyroids or have a family history of thyroid disease, raising their risk (Taylor et al., 2018).
Other risks: Being female, over 60 years old, or having other autoimmune conditions such as type 1 diabetes increases the likelihood of hypothyroidism (Chaker et al., 2017).
Thyroid Symptoms South Africans Should Watch For
Symptoms of an underactive thyroid often appear gradually and may be dismissed as “burnout” or ageing. Common warning signs include:
- Persistent tiredness and lack of energy
- Unexplained weight gain or difficulty losing weight
- Dry skin, brittle nails, and thinning hair
- Sensitivity to cold temperatures
- Low mood or depression
- Constipation
- Slowed heart rate
- Puffy face or swelling around the eyes
- Muscle aches and stiffness
- Memory or concentration difficulties
If untreated, hypothyroidism can contribute to high cholesterol, infertility, and increased cardiovascular disease risk, which are already pressing health concerns in South Africa (Biondi & Cooper, 2018).
What South Africans Can Do Next
Get Tested
Diagnosis is simple: a blood test measuring thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) and free thyroxine (FT4). Elevated TSH with low FT4 confirms hypothyroidism (Pearce et al., 2013). At Epicentre, we offer thyroid function testing across our walk-in labs in Durban, Cape Town, and Johannesburg, with results explained in patient-friendly reports.
Consult a Doctor
If hypothyroidism is confirmed, treatment typically involves daily tablets to restore normal hormone levels. South African clinical guidelines recommend ongoing monitoring to adjust doses as needed (Ross et al., 2016).
Monitor Regularly
Thyroid needs may change over time, especially with age, pregnancy, or significant health changes. Routine follow-up blood tests are essential (Taylor et al., 2018).
Support with Lifestyle
While medication is the mainstay of treatment, lifestyle factors also matter. Eating a balanced diet with sufficient iodine, managing stress, and regular exercise can support overall health (Zimmermann & Boelaert, 2015).
Take Control of Your Thyroid Health
In South Africa, many women live for years without realising their symptoms could be thyroid-related. Because fatigue, weight struggles, and low mood are so common, hypothyroidism is often overlooked. But with simple testing and effective treatment, it can be managed.
Epicentre makes thyroid testing accessible at our walk-in labs and workplace wellness programmes. Book a thyroid test today and take the first step towards feeling better.
