Mycoplasma Hominis in South Africa: The BV Connection | Epicentre
🔬 Mycoplasma hominis · Bacterial · BV-Associated

Mycoplasma Hominis: The BV Accomplice Hiding in Plain Sight

Found in nearly half of HIV-positive pregnant women in Durban. Strongly linked to bacterial vaginosis, pregnancy complications, and post-partum infections. Like its relatives M. genitalium and Ureaplasma, it requires PCR to detect and is not included in standard STI screens.

🔬 Strongly linked to BV 🧬 PCR only (not in standard screens) 🏥 No referral needed
49%
of HIV+ pregnant women
in Durban carry M. hominis
🩺
Medically Reviewed
Dr. Samantha Naidoo
MB ChB, FCP (SA) · Medical Director, Epicentre Laboratories
Published: 2 August 2025 · Last reviewed: 1 March 2026
Key facts

How common is Mycoplasma hominis in South Africa?

48.8%
of HIV+ pregnant women in Durban
Redelinghuys et al., 2013
34.9%
of HIV-negative pregnant women
Redelinghuys et al., 2013
BV
Strongly linked to bacterial vaginosis
Often found alongside Gardnerella
PCR
only way to detect it
Standard cultures unreliable
Does not respond to common antibiotics
Targeted treatment needed
1,600+
M. hominis detections at Epicentre in 2025
Across JHB, CPT & DBN labs

The hidden trio

How does M. hominis relate to M. genitalium and Ureaplasma?

These three organisms are closely related, all require PCR to detect, and all are included in Epicentre's Medium package. But they play different roles in the body.

M. genitalium
Proven STI pathogen. Causes urethritis, cervicitis, PID. The most clinically significant of the three.
M. hominis ← this page
BV-associated. Thrives in disrupted vaginal flora. Linked to pregnancy complications and post-partum infections.
Ureaplasma
Grey zone organism. Causes recurrent UTIs and male infertility when symptomatic. Harmless in most carriers.
Why test for all three? They often co-occur, and symptoms overlap. A patient with recurrent discharge may have one, two, or all three. Epicentre's Medium PCR package (R1,508) covers all three alongside chlamydia, gonorrhoea, herpes, trichomoniasis, and E. coli, giving your doctor the full picture in one test. Book now →


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When it becomes a problem

What happens if M. hominis goes undetected?

In many carriers, nothing. But in specific clinical contexts, M. hominis contributes to real harm.

1
Most people: harmless colonisation
M. hominis lives in the genital tract at low levels. No symptoms, no harm. This is the majority scenario, especially when vaginal flora is healthy and Lactobacillus-dominant.
2
BV environment: M. hominis overgrows
When the vaginal microbiome shifts to a BV state, M. hominis proliferates alongside Gardnerella and other anaerobes. Symptoms: fishy odour, grey discharge, irritation. Standard BV treatment may not address M. hominis specifically.
3
Ascending infection: PID risk
M. hominis can ascend from the vagina to the uterus and fallopian tubes, contributing to pelvic inflammatory disease. PID causes chronic pelvic pain, tubal scarring, and can affect fertility.
4
In pregnancy: preterm birth and neonatal risk
M. hominis is associated with premature rupture of membranes, preterm labour, low birth weight, post-partum endometritis (fever after delivery), and neonatal infections including meningitis and pneumonia. Prevalence is highest in HIV-positive pregnant women in SA.
5
Post-surgical: wound and joint infections
In immunocompromised patients or after gynaecological surgery, M. hominis can cause wound infections, joint infections (septic arthritis), and abscesses. These are uncommon but serious.

Get tested

Where can I test for Mycoplasma hominis in South Africa?

M. hominis requires PCR testing. It is not included in the Small PCR (4 pathogens) or Express STI (blood). You need the Medium package or above.

Medium PCR (9 pathogens) ⭐ Includes M. hominis

R1,508🎓 R1,357

M. hominis + M. genitalium + Ureaplasma + chlamydia + gonorrhoea + HSV-1 + HSV-2 + trichomoniasis + E. coli. All three "hidden trio" organisms in one test.

4× R377/mo with Payflex

Large Cervical (17 pathogens) Includes M. hominis + BV markers

R1,925🎓 R1,733

Everything in Medium + HPV, Gardnerella, BV markers, Candida, Lactobacillus. The best panel for investigating recurrent BV.

4× R482/mo with Payflex

Comprehensive BV & Vaginal Microbiome Screen (17 targets) 🔬 Purpose-built for BV

R1,609

M. hominis + Gardnerella + Atopobium + Prevotella + Lactobacillus species + Candida + Ureaplasma + 10 more BV-associated organisms. Designed specifically for recurrent BV investigation.

4× R403/mo with Payflex

XL (35 pathogens) Full microbiome + M. hominis

R3,305🎓 R2,975

Complete vaginal ecosystem: all STIs + BV organisms + Candida species + Lactobacillus balance + microbiome markers.

4× R827/mo with Payflex
Important: The Small PCR (R1,235) and Express STI (R1,076) do not include M. hominis. For recurrent BV, the Comprehensive BV & Microbiome Screen (R1,609) is purpose-built: 17 targets mapping pathogens, protective bacteria, and co-infections in one swab.

FAQ

Mycoplasma Hominis: Your Questions Answered

Is M. hominis the same as M. genitalium?

No. They are different species. M. genitalium is a proven cause of urethritis and PID. M. hominis is more strongly associated with BV and pregnancy complications. Both are detected by Epicentre's Medium PCR package. Read the M. genitalium guide →

Does M. hominis cause BV?

M. hominis is strongly associated with BV and is found at much higher levels in women with BV. Whether it causes the condition or thrives in the disrupted environment is debated. Either way, identifying it helps your doctor manage recurrent BV.

My BV keeps coming back. Could M. hominis be the reason?

Possibly. Standard BV treatment targets the broad category of anaerobic bacteria but may not adequately address M. hominis. A Large Cervical panel (R1,925) at Epicentre shows your doctor exactly which organisms are present, enabling targeted treatment.

Does M. hominis always need treatment?

Not always. In asymptomatic carriers with healthy vaginal flora, treatment is not typically needed. Treatment is recommended when M. hominis is associated with symptoms, recurrent BV, PID, pregnancy complications, or when found alongside other pathogens at high levels.

Is M. hominis dangerous in pregnancy?

It can be. M. hominis is associated with preterm birth, post-partum fever, and neonatal meningitis. In Durban, nearly half of HIV-positive pregnant women carried M. hominis. Discuss testing with your healthcare provider if you are pregnant or planning pregnancy.

Can standard STI tests detect M. hominis?

No. M. hominis does not grow reliably on standard culture and is not included in most STI screens. PCR testing is the only reliable method. Epicentre includes it in Medium, Large, and XL packages.

How much does M. hominis testing cost?

Medium PCR: R1,508. Large Cervical (best for BV investigation): R1,925. XL: R3,305. Students 10% off. Payflex 4× interest-free. Note: Small PCR does not include M. hominis. View all packages →


STI guide

Other infections in this guide

Recurrent BV? Get the Full Picture.

M. hominis, Gardnerella, Ureaplasma, Trich, and Candida. One PCR test shows your doctor exactly what is causing your symptoms.

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