Chlamydia in South Africa: Symptoms, Testing & Treatment | Epicentre
🦠 Chlamydia trachomatis · Bacterial STI

Chlamydia: The Silent STI Most People Don't Know They Have

70% of women and 50% of men with chlamydia have zero symptoms. It's the most common bacterial STI in the world, and it's completely curable with antibiotics from your doctor. But only if you know you have it.

✓ Curable with treatment 🧬 PCR detectable in 3–5 days 🏥 No referral needed
70%
of women with chlamydia
have no symptoms
🩺
Medically Reviewed
Dr. Samantha Naidoo
MB ChB, FCP (SA) · Medical Director, Epicentre Laboratories
Published: 2 August 2025 · Last reviewed: 1 March 2026
Key facts

How common is chlamydia in South Africa?

127M
new cases per year globally
WHO, 2020
3.5%
of SA adults (15–49) infected
Kularatne et al., 2018
75%
of cases are under 25
Wilson & Wilson, 2021
Curable
with treatment from your doctor
Prescribed by your doctor
4,800+
chlamydia cases detected at Epicentre in 2025
Across JHB, CPT & DBN labs

🔍 Quick Risk Check: Could You Have Chlamydia?
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Symptoms

What are the symptoms of chlamydia?

Most people with chlamydia have no symptoms at all. When symptoms do appear, they differ by anatomy. Tap below to see symptoms for each group.

70% of people with a cervix develop no symptoms at all. When symptoms do appear:
💧Abnormal vaginal discharge (may be yellow or green)
🔥Pain or burning when urinating
😖Pain during sex
🩸Bleeding between periods or after sex
⚠️Lower abdominal or pelvic pain
50% of people with a penis develop no symptoms. When symptoms do appear:
💧Discharge from the penis (clear, white, or cloudy)
🔥Pain or burning when urinating
😖Swollen or tender testicles (less common)
🔴Redness or itching at the tip of the penis
Chlamydia can infect the rectum (through anal sex) and throat (through oral sex).
🔴Rectal pain, discharge, or bleeding
🤒Sore throat (usually mild or no symptoms)
⚠️Often completely asymptomatic at both sites
The danger of no symptoms: You can carry and transmit chlamydia for months or years without knowing. Untreated, it causes pelvic inflammatory disease, infertility, and ectopic pregnancy. The only way to know is to test.
"
"Chlamydia is the STI I diagnose most frequently at Epicentre, and almost every patient says 'but I had no symptoms.' That's exactly the point. By the time symptoms appear, the infection may have already caused damage to the reproductive system. PCR testing catches it in 3 to 5 days."
Dr. Samantha Naidoo, MB ChB, FCP (SA), Medical Director, Epicentre

If untreated

What happens if chlamydia is left untreated?

Chlamydia is curable, but only if detected. This is the progression if it's not treated.

1
Weeks 1–4: Silent infection
The bacteria colonise the cervix, urethra, or rectum. Usually no symptoms. You're contagious but don't know it.
2
Months 1–6: Ascending infection
In people with a uterus, bacteria can spread to the fallopian tubes and uterus. Mild pelvic discomfort may begin, or nothing at all.
3
Months 6+: Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID)
Inflammation and scarring of the reproductive organs. Symptoms: fever, severe pelvic pain, nausea. 10–15% of untreated chlamydia cases develop PID.
4
Long-term: Infertility & ectopic pregnancy
Fallopian tube scarring can block eggs permanently. Ectopic pregnancy (embryo implants outside the uterus) is life-threatening. Chlamydia is a leading cause of preventable infertility.
5
In pregnancy: Passes to baby
Untreated chlamydia can cause premature birth, eye infections (conjunctivitis), or pneumonia in newborns.
All of this is preventable. Antibiotics prescribed by a doctor cure chlamydia completely. The only barrier is knowing you have it, and that requires testing. See how to test →

Get tested

Where can I test for chlamydia in South Africa without a referral?

PCR testing detects chlamydia in 3–5 days after exposure, weeks faster than antibody tests. No referral. No blood draw for PCR tests. Walk in or order a home kit.

Small PCR (4 pathogens)

R1,235🎓 R1,112

Chlamydia + gonorrhoea + herpes (HSV-2) + trichomoniasis. Good starting point.

4× R309/mo with Payflex

Medium PCR (9 pathogens) ⭐

R1,508🎓 R1,357

Adds Mycoplasma, Ureaplasma, HSV-1, E. coli. Most popular. Catches infections rapid tests miss.

4× R377/mo with Payflex

Large (14–17 pathogens)

R1,925🎓 R1,733

Cervical (17 targets) or Penile (14 targets). Full ecosystem analysis including BV, Candida, HPV.

4× R482/mo with Payflex

Chlamydia is included in every Epicentre sexual health package. View all packages →


💑 Tested positive? How to tell your partner

Both partners must be treated simultaneously, otherwise you'll just reinfect each other. 1 in 5 people get chlamydia again within 3 months when their partner isn't treated.

1
Tell them directly

"I tested positive for chlamydia. It's really common and easily treatable. We both need to see a doctor for treatment."

2
Test together

Come into Epicentre together. Same-day testing. Private rooms. No judgment.

3
Both get treatment

Your GP or our partner doctors will prescribe the right antibiotics. Treatment is quick and straightforward.

4
Wait 7 days

Avoid sex for 7 days after treatment. Then you're clear.

Can't face the conversation? Some clinics offer anonymous partner notification. Or WhatsApp Epicentre. We can advise on how to approach it.

FAQ

Chlamydia: Your Questions Answered

Can you have chlamydia without symptoms?

Yes. 70% of women and 50% of men have zero symptoms. You can carry it for months or years. Regular testing is the only answer.

How soon can I test after exposure?

PCR: 3–5 days. Antibody tests take weeks. Epicentre uses lab-grade PCR for all sexual health panels.

How is chlamydia treated?

A short course of antibiotics prescribed by your doctor. Both partners must be treated. Avoid sex for 7 days after completing treatment.

Can chlamydia come back after treatment?

The infection is cured, but you can be reinfected by an untreated partner or new exposure. 1 in 5 get it again within 3 months if partner isn't treated.

Does chlamydia cause infertility?

Yes, if untreated. It can scar fallopian tubes, causing infertility and ectopic pregnancy. In men, it can cause epididymitis and reduced fertility. Testing prevents this.

Can I get chlamydia from oral sex?

Yes. Chlamydia can infect the throat through oral sex. It's usually asymptomatic at this site. Throat swabs can detect it.

How much does chlamydia testing cost?

Chlamydia is included in all Epicentre PCR packages: Small R1,235, Medium R1,508, Large R1,925. Students 10% off. Payflex 4× interest-free. View all packages →


STI guide

Other infections in this guide

Chlamydia is Curable. But Only If You Test.

One blood-free test. Simple treatment from your doctor. Done. No referral needed.

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